The road to 2050, year by year.

India overtakes China as the world's most populous country (1.4286B vs 1.4257B), as confirmed by UN DESA in April 2023.

NASA targets early 2028 for Artemis IV, the first crewed Artemis lunar landing; Artemis III was reprofiled to a 2026 Earth-orbit HLS test.

Energy sector CO₂ emissions must fall about 35% vs 2022 to stay on the 1.5°C pathway.

Global installed renewables capacity must reach about 11,000 GW (triple 2022 levels).

Goldman Sachs estimates AI could automate the equivalent of about 300 million full-time jobs globally.

McKinsey projects generative AI could add USD 2.6T to 4.4T per year to global economic output.

In the NZE Scenario, electric cars must reach about two-thirds of new car sales by 2030.

Solar becomes the world's largest source of electricity generation around 2032 per BNEF.

BNEF Net Zero pathway implies full global phase-out of combustion engine vehicle sales by 2034.

McKinsey/WEF project the global space economy at about USD 1.8 trillion by 2035 (vs ~470 B in 2023).

Kurzweil's "longevity escape velocity by 2029-2035" prediction is not supported by WHO, IHME or NIH.

Advanced economies reach net zero around 2045 in the NZE pathway.

Global mean sea level rises 0.15 to 0.23 m (vs 1995 to 2014 baseline) under very low emissions.

Under very high emissions, 2050 sea level rise is 0.20 to 0.29 m (vs 1995 to 2014 baseline).

BNEF Net Zero Scenario implies peak warming of about 1.81°C; the 1.5°C path is no longer considered feasible by BNEF.

No academic consensus that AGI will exist by 2050; Russell, LeCun and others reject certainty.

Around 90% of global electricity comes from renewables in 2050; wind plus solar PV are about 70%.

BNEF Economic Transition Scenario projects renewables at about 70% of global power generation by 2050.

Oil demand falls about 75%, from roughly 90 mb/d to 24 mb/d under IEA NZE.

Global electricity demand rises about 69% by 2050; electricity meets two-thirds of new energy demand.

World population reaches about 9.7 billion in 2050.

People aged 60+ more than double to about 2.1 billion (from 962M in 2017), roughly 26% of global population.

A crewed Mars mission is not foreseen in NASA's current roadmap; Mars remains a horizon goal beyond the late 2030s or 2040s.

IHME GBD forecast: global life expectancy rises about 5 years by 2050, with the largest gains in sub-Saharan Africa.

Dementia cases projected at about 139 million globally by 2050.

PwC projects China #1 (~USD 58.5T PPP), India #2 (~USD 44.1T), USA #3 (~USD 34.1T) by 2050.

E7 emerging economies will hold about half of global GDP by 2050, G7 about a fifth (PwC).

World population peaks at about 10.3 billion in the mid-2080s, then declines.